Topic 4: Exam Pool D
A company has one million users that use its mobile app. The company must analyze the data usage in near-real time. The company also must encrypt the data in near-real time and must store the data in a centralized location in Apache Parquet format for further processing. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Create an Amazon Kinesis data stream to store the data in Amazon S3. Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics application to analyze the data. Invoke an AWS Lambda function to send the data to the Kinesis Data Analytics application.
B. Create an Amazon Kinesis data stream to store the data in Amazon S3. Create an Amazon EMR cluster to analyze the data. Invoke an AWS Lambda function to send the data to the EMR cluster.
C. Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to store the data in Amazon S3. Create an Amazon EMR cluster to analyze the data.
D. Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to store the data in Amazon S3. Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics application to analyze the data
Explanation: This solution will meet the requirements with the least operational overhead as it uses Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose, which is a fully managed service that can automatically handle the data collection, data transformation, encryption, and data storage in near-real time. Kinesis Data Firehose can automatically store the data in Amazon S3 in Apache Parquet format for further processing. Additionally, it allows you to create an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics application to analyze the data in near real-time, with no need to manage any infrastructure or invoke any Lambda function. This way you can process a large amount of data with the least operational overhead.
An ecommerce company hosts its analytics application in the AWS Cloud. The application generates about 300 MB of data each month. The data is stored in JSON format. The company is evaluating a disaster recovery solution to back up the data. The data must be accessible in milliseconds if it is needed, and the data must be kept for 30 days. Which solution meets these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Amazon OpenSearch Service (Amazon Elasticsearch Service)
B. Amazon S3 Glacier
C. Amazon S3 Standard
D. Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL
Explanation: This solution meets the requirements of a disaster recovery solution to back up the data that is generated by an analytics application, stored in JSON format, and must be accessible in milliseconds if it is needed. Amazon S3 Standard is a durable and scalable storage class for frequently accessed data. It can store any amount of data and provide high availability and performance. It can also support millisecond access time for data retrieval.
Option A is incorrect because Amazon OpenSearch Service (Amazon Elasticsearch Service) is a search and analytics service that can index and query data, but it is not a backup solution for data stored in JSON format. Option B is incorrect because Amazon S3 Glacier is a low-cost storage class for data archiving and long-term backup, but it does not support millisecond access time for data retrieval. Option D is incorrect because Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL is a relational database service that can store and query structured data, but it is not a backup solution for data stored in JSON format.
A company has an online gaming application that has TCP and UDP multiplayer gaming capabilities. The company uses Amazon Route 53 to point the application traffic to multiple Network Load Balancers (NLBs) in different AWS Regions. The company needs to improve application performance and decrease latency for the online game in preparation for user growth. Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Add an Amazon CloudFront distribution in front of the NLBs. Increase the Cache- Control: max-age parameter.
B. Replace the NLBs with Application Load Balancers (ALBs). Configure Route 53 to use latency-based routing.
C. Add AWS Global Accelerator in front of the NLBs. Configure a Global Accelerator endpoint to use the correct listener ports.
D. Add an Amazon API Gateway endpoint behind the NLBs. Enable API caching. Override method caching for the different stages.
Explanation: This answer is correct because it improves the application performance and decreases latency for the online game by using AWS Global Accelerator. AWS Global Accelerator is a networking service that helps you improve the availability, performance, and security of your public applications. Global Accelerator provides two global static public IPs that act as a fixed entry point to your application endpoints, such as NLBs, in different AWS Regions. Global Accelerator uses the AWS global network to route traffic to the optimal regional endpoint based on health, client location, and policies that you configure. Global Accelerator also terminates TCP and UDP traffic at the edge locations, which reduces the number of hops and improves the network performance. By adding AWS Global Accelerator in front of the NLBs, you can achieve up to 60% improvement in latency for your online game.
A medical records company is hosting an application on Amazon EC2 instances. The application processes customer data files that are stored on Amazon S3. The EC2 instances are hosted in public subnets. The EC2 instances access Amazon S3 over the internet, but they do not require any other network access. A new requirement mandates that the network traffic for file transfers take a private route and not be sent over the internet. Which change to the network architecture should a solutions architect recommend to meet this requirement?
A. Create a NAT gateway. Configure the route table for the public subnets to send traffic to Amazon S3 through the NAT gateway.
B. Configure the security group for the EC2 instances to restrict outbound traffic so that only traffic to the S3 prefix list is permitted.
C. Move the EC2 instances to private subnets. Create a VPC endpoint for Amazon S3, and link the endpoint to the route table for the private subnets
D. Remove the internet gateway from the VPC. Set up an AWS Direct Connect connection, and route traffic to Amazon S3 over the Direct Connect connection.
Explanation: To meet the new requirement of transferring files over a private route, the EC2 instances should be moved to private subnets, which do not have direct access to the internet. This ensures that the traffic for file transfers does not go over the internet. To enable the EC2 instances to access Amazon S3, a VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 can be created. VPC endpoints allow resources within a VPC to communicate with resources in other services without the traffic being sent over the internet. By linking the VPC endpoint to the route table for the private subnets, the EC2 instances can access Amazon S3 over a private connection within the VPC.
A company needs to connect several VPCs in the us-east-1 Region that span hundreds of AWS accounts. The company's networking team has its own AWS account to manage the cloud network. What is the MOST operationally efficient solution to connect the VPCs?
A. Set up VPC peering connections between each VPC. Update each associated subnet's route table.
B. Configure a NAT gateway and an internet gateway in each VPC to connect each VPC through the internet.
C. Create an AWS Transit Gateway in the networking team's AWS account. Configure static routes from each VPC.
D. Deploy VPN gateways in each VPC. Create a transit VPC in the networking team's AWS account to connect to each VPC.
Explanation: AWS Transit Gateway is a highly scalable and centralized hub for connecting multiple VPCs, on-premises networks, and remote networks. It simplifies network connectivity by providing a single entry point and reducing the number of connections required. In this scenario, deploying an AWS Transit Gateway in the networking team's AWS account allows for efficient management and control over the network connectivity across multiple VPCs.
An ecommerce company has an order-processing application that uses Amazon API Gateway and an AWS Lambda function. The application stores data in an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL database. During a recent sales event, a sudden surge in customer orders occurred. Some customers experienced timeouts and the application did not process the orders of those customers A solutions architect determined that the CPU utilization and memory utilization were high on the database because of a large number of open connections The solutions architect needs to prevent the timeout errors while making the least possible changes to the application. Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Configure provisioned concurrency for the Lambda function Modify the database to be a global database in multiple AWS Regions
B. Use Amazon RDS Proxy to create a proxy for the database Modify the Lambda function to use the RDS Proxy endpoint instead of the database endpoint
C. Create a read replica for the database in a different AWS Region Use query string parameters in API Gateway to route traffic to the read replica
D. Migrate the data from Aurora PostgreSQL to Amazon DynamoDB by using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS| Modify the Lambda function to use the OynamoDB table
Explanation: Many applications, including those built on modern serverless architectures, can have a large number of open connections to the database server and may open and close database connections at a high rate, exhausting database memory and compute resources. Amazon RDS Proxy allows applications to pool and share connections established with the database, improving database efficiency and application scalability.
A company is making a prototype of the infrastructure for its new website by manually provisioning the necessary infrastructure. This infrastructure includes an Auto Scaling group, an Application Load Balancer, and an Amazon RDS database. After the configuration has been thoroughly validated, the company wants the capability to immediately deploy the infrastructure for development and production use in two Availability Zones in an automated fashion. What should a solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements?
A. Use AWS Systems Manager to replicate and provision the prototype infrastructure in two Availability Zones.
B. Define the infrastructure as a template by using the prototype infrastructure as a guide. Deploy the infrastructure with AWS CloudFormation.
C. Use AWS Config to record the inventory of resources that are used in the prototype infrastructure. Use AWS Config to deploy the prototype infrastructure into two Availability Zones.
D. Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk and configure it to use an automated reference to the prototype infrastructure to automatically deploy new environments in two Availability Zones
Explanation: AWS CloudFormation is a service that helps you model and set up your AWS resources by using templates that describe all the resources that you want, such as Auto Scaling groups, load balancers, and databases. You can use AWS CloudFormation to deploy your infrastructure in an automated and consistent way across multiple environments and regions. You can also use AWS CloudFormation to update or delete your infrastructure as a single unit.
A company sells ringtones created from clips of popular songs. The files containing the ringtones are stored in Amazon S3 Standard and are at least 128 KB in size. The company has millions of files, but downloads are infrequent for ringtones older than 90 days. The company needs to save money on storage while keeping the most accessed files readily available for its users. Which action should the company take to meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Configure S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) storage for the initial storage tier of the objects.
B. Move the files to S3 Intelligent-Tiering and configure it to move objects to a less expensive storage tier after 90 days.
C. Configure S3 inventory to manage objects and move them to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-1A) after 90 days.
D. Implement an S3 Lifecycle policy that moves the objects from S3 Standard to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-1A) after 90 days.
Explanation: This solution meets the requirements of saving money on storage while keeping the most accessed files readily available for the users. S3 Lifecycle policy can automatically move objects from one storage class to another based on predefined rules. S3 Standard-IA is a lower-cost storage class for data that is accessed less frequently, but requires rapid access when needed. It is suitable for ringtones older than 90 days that are downloaded infrequently. Option A is incorrect because configuring S3 Standard-IA for the initial storage tier of the objects can incur higher costs for frequent access and retrieval fees. Option B is incorrect because moving the files to S3 Intelligent-Tiering can incur additional monitoring and automation fees that may not be necessary for ringtones older than 90 days. Option C is incorrect because using S3 inventory to manage objects and move them to S3 Standard-IA can be complex and time-consuming, and it does not provide automatic cost savings.
A company runs its applications on Amazon EC2 instances that are backed by Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS). The EC2 instances run the most recent Amazon Linux release. The applications are experiencing availability issues when the company's employees store and retrieve files that are 25 GB or larger. The company needs a solution that does not require the company to transfer files between EC2 instances. The files must be available across many EC2 instances and across multiple Availability Zones. Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Migrate all the files to an Amazon S3 bucket. Instruct the employees to access the files from the S3 bucket.
B. Take a snapshot of the existing EBS volume. Mount the snapshot as an EBS volume across the EC2 instances. Instruct the employees to access the files from the EC2 instances.
C. Mount an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system across all the EC2 instances. Instruct the employees to access the files from the EC2 instances.
D. Create an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) from the EC2 instances. Configure new EC2 instances from the AMI that use an instance store volume. Instruct the employees to access the files from the EC2 instances.
Explanation: To store and access files that are 25 GB or larger across many EC2 instances and across multiple Availability Zones, Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) is a suitable solution. Amazon EFS provides a simple, scalable, elastic file system that can be mounted on multiple EC2 instances concurrently. Amazon EFS supports high availability and durability by storing data across multiple Availability Zones within a Region.
A company seeks a storage solution for its application The solution must be highly available and scalable. The solution also must function as a file system, be mountable by multiple Linux instances in AWS and on premises through native protocols, and have no minimum size requirements. The company has set up a Site-to-Site VPN for access from its on-premises network to its VPC. Which storage solution meets these requirements?
A. Amazon FSx Multi-AZ deployments
B. Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) Multi-Attach volumes
C. Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) with multiple mount targets
D. Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) with a single mount target and multiple access points
Explanation: Amazon EFS is a fully managed file system that can be mounted by multiple Linux instances in AWS and on premises through native protocols such as NFS and SMB. Amazon EFS has no minimum size requirements and can scale up and down automatically as files are added and removed. Amazon EFS also supports high availability and durability by allowing multiple mount targets in different Availability Zones within a region. Amazon EFS meets all the requirements of the question, while the other options do not.
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